This was a reaction to not only the damaging results of industrialisation but also the relatively low status of the ornamental arts. Arts and Crafts reformed the design and manufacture of everything from buildings to jewelry. There are quite a few different examples related to the visible arts. The reported ones aren’t only a representative set however, in my view, also the most important contributions to this subject. The lack of interactivity, with a human improviser, of the above approaches has been criticized on the grounds that they remove the musician from the physical and spontaneous creation of a melody. Although it is true that essentially the most elementary characteristic of improvisation is the spontaneous, real-time creation of a melody, it is also true that interactivity was not meant in these approaches and nevertheless they might generate very fascinating improvisations. Thom with her Band-out-of-a-Box system addresses the issue of real-time interactive improvisation between BoB and a human player.

The intervention, led by artists, included art work, crocheting, crafts, seasonal displays, poetry, and playing of musical devices. At 6 months, the taking part patients, nurses, technicians, and physicians reported that the program had a positive influence on the unit. Paired comparisons …